About the Author

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M.d.Mar Rubio-Varas is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics at the Public University of Navarre, Spain. She is an energy economist and economic historian; her research interests focus on the long-term relationships between energy consumption and economic growth, covering aspects of energy external dependence and the transition to a low carbon economy. She has published in international journals of economic history, energy policy and environmental economics. Joseba De la Torre is Professor of Economic History at the Public University of Navarre, Spain. He is a specialist of the industrial policy and the indicative planning of developmentalism during the Franco regime. He has been Visiting Professor at La Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris, France, and at the Center for European and Mediterranean Studies of New York University, USA. He was previously Dean of Faculty of Economics and Business at the Public University of Navarre, Spain.