About the Author

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Iwao Matsuda is a professor at the Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), the University of Tokyo. His work involves surfaces/interfaces, atomic-thin layer materials, X-ray free electron laser, synchrotron radiation, and spectroscopy. He received his Doctor of Science degree from the University of Tokyo in 2001. After professional experience as a postdoc fellow at the University of Zurich and a research associate at the University of Tokyo, he was appointed as an associate professor at ISSP in 2006 and has served in the current position since 2021. He has received 8 awards and was named a fellow of the Japan Society of Vacuum and Surface Science (JVSS). He has published more than 250 peer-reviewed articles in international journals and review articles. Further, he also actively engages in publishing, including editing three books and contributing chapters to books. Ryuichi Arafune is a principal researcher at the Research Center for Material Nanoarchitecture(MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS). His research primarily focuses on inelastic vibrational excitation in photoemission and the tunneling process, spin-orbit interaction in photoexcited states at solid surfaces, and the synthesis of two-dimensional materials. He obtained his Doctor of Engineering degree in Electronic Engineering from Tohoku University in 1998. After accumulating professional experience as a postdoctoral researcher at institutions like Tohoku University, RIKEN, and the University of Tokyo, he also served as a PRESTO researcher of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. Subsequently, he moved to the position of scientist at the International Center for Material Nanoarchitechtonics, NIMS as an independent researcher in 2013. After that, he transitioned to a researcher position in 2017. Additionally, from 2013 to 2017, he held the position of adjunct lecturer at the University of Tokyo. He has been serving in his current capacity since 2023. He was the recipient of the Young Scientist Presentation Award from the Japan Society of Applied Physics and the Outstanding Paper Award from the Surface Science Society of Japan (currently known as JVSS).